How do you tell if it’s Ebola or Flu? Is there a rapid test to Diagnose Ebola?
**Please Note: This is the most current information that I can find. If you have updated information, please feel free to post it in the comments. Just trying my best to answer questions.
There is a rapid test that can rule out or diagnosis the FLU. For Enterovirus D68, the CDC states, “EV-D68 can only be diagnosed by doing specific lab tests on specimens from a person’s nose and throat. Many hospitals and some doctor’s offices can test ill patients to see if they have enterovirus infection. However, most cannot do specific testing to determine the type of enterovirus, like EV-D68. CDC and some state health departments can do this sort of testing.CDC developed, and started using on October 14, a new, faster lab test for detecting EV-D68.” Read more about what CDC was doing about EV-D68 in 2014.
“….but, What about Ebola?”
Diagnosing EBOLA
Several blood tests can diagnose Ebola. It’s important to note that according to WHO, “Samples from patients are an extreme biohazard risk; laboratory testing on non-inactivated samples should be conducted under maximum biological containment conditions.” According to the information found on Wikipedia, Ebola is included in the Level-IV Viruses; there are a limited number of facilities in the US that are even qualified to deal with a ‘Level-IV” virus.
According to the CDC, “Ebola virus is detected in blood only after the onset of symptoms, usually fever. It may take up to 3 days after symptoms appear for the virus to reach detectable levels. The virus is generally detectable by real-time RT-PCR from 3-10 days after symptoms appear.
Specimens ideally should be taken when a symptomatic patient reports to a healthcare facility and is suspected of having an Ebola exposure. However, if the onset of symptoms is <3 days, a later specimen may be needed to completely rule out Ebola virus, if the first specimen tests negative.”
For additional information on Collection, Storage and Handling of Lab Specimens: Printable factsheet: Interim Guidance for Specimen Collection, Transport, Testing, and Submission for Patients with Suspected Infection with Ebola Virus Disease.
Diagnostic Timeline for Ebola
Unfortunately, according to the information that I’ve been able to find, there is no rapid test, nor can you diagnose ebola via lab tests before the patient is symptomatic. The recommendations state that testing should be done on the first sign of symptoms but further state that an initial negative should be re-tested.
(graph below obtained from WHO)
| Timeline of Infection | Diagnostic tests available |
|---|---|
| Within a few days after symptoms begin |
|
| Later in the disease course or after recovery |
|
| Retrospectively in deceased patients |
|
What is a ‘Level-IV’ virus
According to Wikipedia: Biosafety level 4
This level is required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted laboratory infections, agents which cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which vaccines or other treatments are not available, such as Bolivian and Argentine hemorrhagic fevers, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Lassa virus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, and various other hemorrhagic diseases. This level is also used for work with agents such as smallpox that are considered dangerous enough to require additional safety measures, regardless of vaccination availability. When dealing with biological hazards at this level, a positive pressure personnel suit with a segregated air supply is mandatory. The entrance and exit of a level four biolab will contain multiple showers, a vacuum room, ultraviolet lightroom, and other safety precautions designed to destroy all traces of the biohazard. Multiple airlocks are employed and are electronically secured to prevent both doors from opening at the same time. All air and water service going to and coming from a biosafety level 4 (or P4) lab will undergo similar decontamination procedures to eliminate the possibility of an accidental release.
ACCORDING To The CDC: BSL-4
BSL-4 builds upon the containment requirements of BSL-3 and is the highest level of biological safety. There are a small number of BSL-4 labs in the United States and around the world. The microbes in a BSL-4 lab are dangerous and exotic, posing a high risk of aerosol-transmitted infections. Infections caused by these microbes are frequently fatal and without treatment or vaccines. Two examples of microbes worked within a BSL-4 laboratory include Ebola and Marburg viruses.
US
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention | United States, Georgia, Atlanta | Currently operates in two buildings—one of two facilities in the world that officially hold smallpox. | |
| Georgia State University | United States, Georgia, Atlanta | Is an older design “glovebox” facility. | |
| National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility (NBAF), Kansas State University | United States, Kansas, Manhattan | Under construction. Facility to be operated by the Department of Homeland Security, and replace the Plum Island Animal Disease Center (which is not a BSL-4 facility). Planned to be operational by 2015, but likely delayed. | |
| National Institutes of Health (NIH) | United States, Maryland, Bethesda | Located on the NIH Campus, it currently only operates with BSL-3 agents. | |
| Integrated Research Facility | United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick | Under construction. This facility will be operated by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases(NIAID). It is planned to begin operating in 2009 at the earliest.[needs update] | |
| National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center (NBACC) | United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick | Under construction, it will be operated by the Department of Homeland Security. | |
| US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) | United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick | 1969 | Old building |
| US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID) | United States, Maryland, Fort Detrick | 2017? | The new building, currently under construction |
| National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory(NEIDL), Boston University | United States, Massachusetts, Boston | Under construction by Boston University, building and staff training complete, waiting for regulatory approval. | |
| NIAID Rocky Mountain Laboratories | United States, Montana, Hamilton | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases | |
| Kent State University, Kent Campus | United States, Ohio, Kent | Operates as a clean lab at level 3 for training purposes. Scheduled for conversion to a hot level 4 lab in response to a bioterrorism event in the USA. | |
| Galveston National Laboratory, National Biocontainment Facility | United States, Texas, Galveston | Opened in 2008, the University of Texas Medical Branch operates the facility.[28] | |
| Shope Laboratory | United States, Texas, Galveston | Operated by the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB). | |
| Texas Biomedical Research Institute | United States, Texas, San Antonio | The only privately owned BSL-4 lab in the US. |
